Word: vandalization
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...outfitted with a state-of-the-art unisex loo. The final product was awarded a Public Works of America Award for successfully addressing a wide variety of requirements: the open-air trellis roof minimizes odors; the stalls each open to the outdoors, removing fears of crime; the amenities are vandal-proof, constructed from the same grade materials used in jail cells. "I didn't reinvent the wheel," says Coakley of the comfort station. "It was a matter of taking the best pieces of the ones I saw and putting it together...
...access to its source code and can suggest modifications, and it is then up to the team of developers at the Apache Software Foundation to decide whether these changes merit inclusion in official software releases. Sometimes people try to submit “junk code” and vandalize Apache, but such submissions rarely pass preliminary stages of review and certainly never affect any final product.Despite concerns about quality control, open-contribution projects such as arXiv, Apache, Linux, and Wikipedia have all competed well against similar proprietary initiatives for this reason: Established or presumed credibility is the main metric...
...Political Judgment." The answer lies partly in the character of the times, a period of great social upheaval, and partly in the nature of the vandal, who is as difficult to define as he is to catch. In New York City, for example, police make arrests in only 2% to 3% of all reported cases. The vandal's deeds, as British Sociologist Stanley Cohen of England's University of Durham has observed, are commonly described as wanton, pointless, aimless, senseless, meaningless or mindless. Cohen is one of several social scientists who think that none of these objectives really...
...This view is also held by Dr. Philip G. Zimbardo, a psychologist at Stanford University and possibly the leading U.S. authority on the anatomy of vandalism. Years of study and experimentation have gone into Zimbardo's theory, which plausibly explains the present-and in Zimbardo's judgment seemingly irreversible-national surge in such destruction. The vandal is typically young (nearly 80% of all those arrested are under 18), and the young of today care little for the society their fathers built. Furthermore, in an age of expanding permissiveness, the vandal is no longer so heavily concentrated...
...Whatever hope Zimbardo offers rests on society's ability to recover its waning spirit of community. Where that occurs, vandalism is rare. Nathan Goldman, chairman of the sociology department at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, reports that a school deeply involved in its neighborhood-by holding night programs for parents, for instance, or by opening its doors to extracurricular community functions-invariably deters the vandal. Somehow, the behavioral scientists feel, man must discover how to apply this lesson on a broader scale. The vandal's deed is his declaration of defiance against a society that...