Word: vanguardism
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...surrender. It was he too who masterminded the army coup that, on the last day of 1983, toppled Shehu Shagari, the civilian President whose winking acceptance of endemic corruption had helped plunge oil-rich Nigeria into a still continuing spiral of poverty. Last week Babangida was in the vanguard of yet another takeover, only this time he took the prize for himself. In a carefully planned coup, the short, stocky general from central Nigeria was installed as President of Africa's most populous country. It was the sixth coup since Nigeria gained its independence from Britain...
Observers in Washington note that while Harvard has often taken a vanguard stance on national educational issues, the past year has witnessed a marked escalation in tactics. "Harvard has had traditionally a leading spokesman role in American higher educaion. I wish more colleges would do that--it would make things much easier down here," says Lawrence S. Zaglaniczny, an American Council on Education congressional liaison. The step-up occurred, he adds, because while "in the two years before the election it was virtually a foregone conclusion that Congress would reject any aid cuts, with the president's mandate...
Ambivalence, indeed, seemed to be a keynote of the celebrations. Just before the parade got under way, Nguyen Van Linh, Communist Party secretary for Ho Chi Minh City, rose to celebrate Viet Nam's place "among the vanguard fighters for mankind's lofty ideals" and to extol its success in "overturning the global counterrevolutionary strategy of U.S. imperialism." But even Linh could not overlook the signs of decay around him. In Ho Chi Minh City (pop. 3.5 million) the walls of many houses are cracked, and the electricity supply is a sometime thing. Thousands sleep on the unswept sidewalks...
...permanent necessity. The driving force behind the idea is that while a number of countries went into modernization between '75 and '82, France fell too far behind. We have to do it intensely right now, which is not easy economically or socially. If we want to be in the vanguard of nations, we have to adjust...
This view has taken strong hold among a significant segment of women religious, who are in the vanguard of the drive for fuller rights for women. American women religious have changed greatly since they began shedding their wimples and bibs and emerged from the convents into the streets. For one thing, many are now highly educated, even more so than their bishops. Sixty- five percent have master's degrees, and 25% have earned doctorates (vs. 24% and 10% among bishops). They are also more mature; most became novices after age 24. And their social views have changed. Says Sister Marie...