Word: vanguards
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Churchmen were in the vanguard of the demands for reform, except for the Afrikaner Dutch Reformed leaders, who remained silent. Durban's Roman Catholic Archbishop Denis Hurley warned bluntly that "Africans are determined to have political participation in their future, and I don't see how white South Africa can face up to it fast enough." The Anglican archbishop of Cape Town, Netherlands-born Joost de Blank, announced that he was sending a representative to Geneva to ask the World Council of Churches to expel the South African Dutch Reformed Church unless it takes a stand against Verwoerd...
...When Vanguard I, the U.S.'s second satellite, popped into orbit early in 1958, Nikita Khrushchev derided it as a "grapefruit." It was indeed small (6.4 in. in diameter, 3.25 Ibs.). But last week, as it completed its second year in orbit, Vanguard had proved to have two virtues that the massive Soviet satellites lack. First, it soared into so high an orbit (apogee 2,500 miles above the earth, perigee 400 miles) that the outermost fringes of the atmosphere exert almost no slowing effect on its motion. It has kept going while heavier competitors sagged into the atmosphere...
...Vanguard's second virtue is the solar battery that has kept its small radio beeping steadily, long after bigger satellites lost their voices. Tracked by its radio signals, the "grapefruit's" motions in its orbit have given invaluable information about the earth's slightly bumpy gravitational field, and about the shape of the earth itself. Last week another bit of information came down from the little satellite. There was a slight, unexplained wandering in its long-studied orbit. After much calculation, Dr. Peter Munsen and other orbit experts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration reached their...
...much. Even the powerful sunlight glaring in empty space has the pressure of only one billionth of a pound per square inch-roughly equivalent to the weight of two cigarettes pressing on an acre of land. But in the vacuum of space, it was enough to push Vanguard I a mile or so off course over a period of two years. Light pressure is important in astronomy; it forms the tails of comets and is probably responsible for distributing the debris of exploded stars throughout the galaxy. But not until Vanguard I had been circling for two years...
...Carlos ("Potato") Valdes started slapping the taut "talking" drums in a syncopated rhythm, eyes rolled, lips moved, bodies swayed in time to the beat. Had the air been a little bluer and the babble a little louder, it might be any weekend night back at Manhattan's Village Vanguard...