Word: varmus
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...basic research, which has spawned entire segments of the national economy, including the biotech and computer industries. "What we're all worried about is that there will be less and less room to maneuver in basic research, the area that put us where we are," says Dr. Harold Varmus, a Nobel-prizewinning microbiologist from the University of California, San Francisco. "If we move our investment into some narrowly defined social contract, 10 years from now we will have nothing...
...first oncogene known to exist inside animal and human cells was discovered in 1976 by Drs. J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus of the University of California at San Francisco. Since then, scientists have found more than 50, some of which appear to be more important than others in human cancers. Mutations in the RAS oncogene, for instance, are believed to play a role in a majority of pancreatic and colon cancers, and some lung cancers as well. Mutations in other oncogenes have been linked to leukemia and the most lethal forms of breast and ovarian cancer...
...Anybody who says we've got this problem licked is a fool or a knave or both." Microbiologist J. Michael Bishop was referring to the slow, almost imperceptible progress in the search for a cancer cure. So when Bishop, 53, and colleague Harold E. Varmus, 49, were awakened early last Monday with word that the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm had awarded them the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, both were startled. Bishop called the news "surreal" and Varmus insisted on verifying the information. Others were less surprised. Said Dr. David Baltimore of M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute...
...series of experiments begun in the mid-'70s at the University of California at San Francisco, Bishop and Varmus resolved a spirited debate over oncogenes -- the genes, or units of heredity, that cause cancer. Researchers had previously theorized that cancer genes were separate entities, unrelated to the healthy functioning of a cell. But in studies of a cancer-causing virus in chickens, Bishop and Varmus found that oncogenes were normal genes, vital to cell growth and development, that had somehow gone awry -- probably as a result of mutations induced by carcinogens such as cigarette smoke and radiation. The team thus...
...UCSF study but is now at the Pasteur Institute in Lille, France, called his omission "very unfair and rotten." But others who were present at the time of the original experiments said that Stehelin, though a key member of the research team, nevertheless worked under the supervision of Varmus and Bishop. The Nobel Committee stood by its decision...