Word: varyingly
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...surprise of the printers, and most newsmen, the strike did not cripple Chicago papers; they went over to Vari-Type without missing a day (TIME, April 25). By last week, even Randolph recognized that Taft-Hartley would not be repealed soon, and that VariType had him licked. He settled for a contract that did lip service to the ban on closed shops, without disrupting the union's monopoly...
...they got union benefits ranging up to $60 a week. (Some of the strikers had found work in job shops; others had shifted to newspapers in nearby cities.) The publishers were under no pressure to settle either. They had so well ironed out the mechanical wrinkles of printing by Vari-Typers and similar machines that the Chicago Daily News had reached an alltime circulation high (505.277). Fortnight ago, the Trib had turned out the fattest daily paper (84 pages) in its history. But if newspapers looked much the same as in pre-strike days, they did not read the same...
...most newspapers, payroll savings had balanced both the increased engraving costs and the expense of installing Vari-Typers and similar equipment from International Business Machines. The Trib, which used to pay its 460 printers about $45,000 a week, now pays its 161 VariType operators only $10,000 a week. By putting more money and more thought than its rivals into developing the new process, the Trib had gotten the best results. In news coverage and news play, also, it was still Chicago's liveliest sheet. Nevertheless, its circulation had slumped-from 1,010,000 at the strike...
...Graphotype has a standard typewriter keyboard, and letters can be punched directly onto a metal plate heavy enough to stand up under the pressure of the stereotype machine that makes the "mats" or molds for the lead plates for the presses. This saves time by eliminating photoengraving used by Vari-Type...
...Which transfers Vari-Typed copy to a zinc plate and then to a rubber roller which prints it, thus eliminating metal type and the costlier flat-bed press which small papers ordinarily...