Word: vatican
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...early 20th century, the Roman Catholic Church had its own secret police. A zealous Vatican functionary, Monsignor Umberto Benigni, set up a group of trusted clerical informers, called the Sodalitium Pianum, to spy on priests and even bishops suspected of heresy. Benigni's ecclesiastical...
...defense, Elko insists that he has done nothing that was not in conformity with the spirit of the Second Vatican Council and the sense of papal directives. Distressed over the dissension in his diocese, he hopes eventually to return to Pittsburgh. But the tone of a recent letter to a friend is that of a prisoner with no expectation of immediate parole. "Excuse the typing," he wrote. "In the past, I have had the good fortune to have others do my typing. Now, however, in this exile I have become accustomed to doing things as best I can alone under...
Liberal & Likable. His successor appears to be both cooler in approach and warmer in personality. A native of northwest Italy's Piedmont region, Archbishop Raimondi, 54, studied at Rome's Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, entered the Vatican diplomatic service in 1938 as secretary of the papal nunciature in Guatemala. He is no stranger to the U.S., having spent seven years in Washington during the '40s as a secretary and auditor at the apostolic delegation. He also served as chargé d'affaires in India and nuncio to Haiti, and since 1956 has discharged his functions as apostolic...
...title of apostolic delegate is one of the most anomalous in the church's bureaucracy. In nations with which it maintains diplomatic ties, the Vatican is represented by 35 nuncios (ambassadors), 16 pro-nuncios (ambassadors of slightly lower rank) and three internuncios (ministers plenipotentiary). The office of apostolic delegate was devised to provide the Vatican with representation in countries, such as the U.S., with which it does not have diplomatic relations. Technically, the apostolic delegate is merely a fraternal envoy to the Catholics of a nation; actually, he is an unofficial diplomat-and, when necessary, a papal hatchet...
...organizations are taking on increased responsibility, theologians have suggested that the office of apostolic delegate is something of an anachronism. Some also contend that the apostolic delegates-most of whom are Italian- might be more effective if they were nationals of the countries to which they are posted. Top Vatican officials do not agree that the office is outdated. Argues one: "There is no way in the world in which the Pope could supervise the work of hundreds of separate episcopacies without having his man on the scene. He needs an eye open for him in each national arena...