Word: vatican
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...personal motto was Semper idem (always the same) and he lived up to it with matchless rigor. Prior to the liberalizing Second Vatican Council, Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani was one of the most feared and powerful princes of the Roman Catholic world. His authority as a ranking doctrinal watchdog came from his influence within the Holy Office. Ottaviani was half blind but, the Vatican saying went, "sees more with one eye than most see with two." Armed with a steely mind and consummate dedication, he became in his own word, a "carabiniere" (policeman) of orthodoxy. Even after the windows...
...power seemed to evaporate in one humiliating and dramatic day. At Vatican II's first session in 1962, he was orating against liturgical reform and ran well beyond the ten-minute limit on speeches...
...poor Roman baker, Ottaviani, a brilliant canon lawyer, joined the Vatican Secretariat of State...
...joined or aided the Communists, but with very little effect. In a 1953 speech that outraged Protestants, Ottaviani declared that rulers of predominantly Catholic states had a duty to protect "the religious unity of a people who unanimously know themselves to be in secure possession of religious truth." Vatican II rejected such thinking. Years later, he publicly denounced Pope Paul's reformed Mass as "nearly heretical...
...rate of one every 66 days and a school a month and for winning the battle to retain tax-exempt status for parochial schools. In the 1960s, however, the "brick-and-mortar priest" came under fire from liberal Catholics for his foot-dragging attitude toward the reforms of Vatican Council II and his failure to support California's open-housing laws and civil rights in general...