Word: vatican
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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China has opened itself up to the world since then, but wariness about the Vatican persists. The latest episode in the stormy relationship unfolded last week, when the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA), the state-controlled church to which 4 million Chinese Catholics belong, ordained two new bishops without the Vatican's permission. Considering that Rome has claimed absolute authority over clerical appointments for almost two millenniums, its reaction to the news was predictably swift. Vatican spokesman Joaquín Navarro-Valls said that Pope Benedict XVI learned of the appointments with "great sadness." That may have been the understatement...
...surprising, given their common penchant for intrigue and suspicion, that the rulers of China and the Roman Catholic Church have had a hard time getting along. Beginning five centuries ago, emissaries from the Vatican visited Beijing to seek permission to conduct missionary work in China. During the Qing dynasty they built iron globes and trellises for the Emperor--astronomical instruments that at the time were considered cutting-edge technology. That approach didn't work: a later Emperor banned all Christian missionary activity, sending the clerics packing. He kept the Vatican's gifts, however, on a tower overlooking the thick stone...
...time for China's Catholics. Since the Communist takeover in 1949, all Catholics have had to join the state-sanctioned CPCA or face persecution. Out of the estimated 12 million Catholics in the country, a majority are thought to worship at secret underground churches that are loyal to the Vatican. Since his elevation to the papacy, Benedict has sought to repair ties so that those faithful can practice in the open. The goal was full diplomatic relations and possibly even a papal visit to China by 2008, when Beijing will be host of the Olympics. In recent years, says Father...
...China's rulers, improving relations with the Vatican would seem to fit with their efforts to burnish the country's international prestige. But the government remains cautious about expanding religious freedoms, mindful, no doubt, of the role the Catholic Church played in the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. And despite the Vatican's charm offensive, Beijing has refused to negotiate the release of the scores of Catholics loyal to Rome who sit in Chinese prisons, according to Nicolas Becquelin, China researcher for the New York City-based Human Rights Watch. To some, China's decision to ordain...
...question is whether Beijing's moves have wrecked the possibility of détente with Rome. Navarro-Valls said that the Pope was willing to continue discussions about normalizing relations so long as Beijing agreed to stop ordaining bishops on its own. But some Vatican officials say that Beijing may not find Benedict in such a generous mood in the future. Says a senior Vatican official: "It's a demonstration of bad faith on the part of the Chinese government ... [they] are used to playing these mind games, of using brinkmanship." Of course, that's a game the Vatican knows...