Word: vectoring
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...instead of attempting to juggle vector spaces, marginal demand curves and football practices, Wilford dropped his mathematical aspirations and concentrated solely on economics--and football...
...protein envelope. Using the tools of molecular biology, scientists render the virus harmless by deleting some or all of its genes, splicing the therapeutic gene into the remaining genetic material and, in a laboratory Petri dish, mixing it with human cells. The altered virus, now called a carrier or vector, can deliver the therapeutic gene into the nucleus with great dispatch...
...properties and do other things that ought to enable you to treat disease successfully." That is precisely what Anderson and his colleagues did eight years ago in the first approved use of gene therapy, when they removed blood cells from a young patient, genetically altered them with a viral vector and infused them back into her bloodstream...
...other new vector is being fashioned by Salk's Verma. "What we want," he says, "is a virus that is easy to make, that delivers genes at very high efficiency, that can infect a nondividing cell and that enables its therapeutic gene to become part and parcel of the chromosome...
Gene therapists are looking even further ahead. Pennsylvania's Wilson predicts that the next advance will be a mechanism built into the vector to regulate the expression of a therapeutic gene, turning it on or off. "Most diseases and most drugs require modifying the dose," he explains, "but the genes carried into cells by currently used vectors are either...