Word: venezuelan
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Carpentier's early novels, this theme took the shape of an escape into history or the primitive. They dealt with 18th century revolutions in Haiti, the impressions of a traveller who feels he is moving backwards in time as he enters the primitive Venezuelan jungle, and the introduction of the French Revolution to her Caribbean colonies: one ship brings both the edict emancipating slaves and the first guillotine. These historical novels spread out spectacles of lyrical description, rendering a fantastic American reality in overwhelming baroque detail...
Carpentier returned to Cuba from Venezuelan exile in 1959, to join the Cuban Revolution. He worked as a cultural official and diplomat, and proclaimed his artistic program of rediscovering America as an act of revolutionary affirmation. Yet for several years, he published little fiction--it seemed that he was enshrined and preserved under glass, a model writer who wasn't writing...
...terrorists identified themselves as part of a little-known leftist movement named the Argimiro Gabaldon Revolutionary Command. Instead of asking for a cash ransom, they demanded that Owens-Illinois 1) pay each of its 1,600 Venezuelan employees $116 as compensation for its "exploitation"; 2) distribute 18,000 packages of food to needy families; and 3) buy space in Venezuelan and foreign newspapers for a lengthy manifesto, written by the extremists, denouncing the company and the Caracas government. Otherwise, they implied, Niehous would be killed...
...complying with the third point, the company ran into trouble. The difficulty was a longstanding policy-apparently set by Venezuela's tough President Carlos Andres ("Cap") Perez-of not allowing guerrilla propaganda of any kind to appear in the local press. No Venezuelan newspaper would print the manifesto; even so, Owens-Illinois decided to ignore official warnings and run the manifesto in three renowned foreign dailies-the New York Times, the Times of London and Paris' Le Monde...
...takeovers last year of foreign iron-ore operations and the oilproducing subsidiaries of Exxon, Royal Dutch/Shell, as well as other foreign firms-key ingredients in Cap Perez's plan to make his country an economic powerhouse. Nor were the full implications of the Owens-Illinois case clear. Some Venezuelan businessmen complained that the expropriation was a "terrible overreaction" and worried that it might frighten off foreign investors. U.S. State Department officials, while expressing "concern" about the case, felt that Owens-Illinois had simply "gambled and lost" in a calculated risk that the Perez government would go easy...