Word: ventricular
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...emotional reaction appears physiologically as "ventricular fibrillation" which Lown said is "disorganized and erratic contractions of the heart which leads rapidly to death...
...years at Johns Hopkins as an electrical engineer, he was asked by New York's Consolidated Edison Co. to help reduce electric shock fatalities among telephone linemen and the public. His work led him into medical research, and by 1933 he had proved that electrical shock could stop ventricular fibrillation-an often-fatal uncoordinated fluttering of the heart's pumping muscles. Kouwenhoven went on to develop the techniques: opening the chest, placing electrodes directly on the heart, and applying a brief jolt of electricity. Later, while experimenting with a nonsurgical method that involved placing the electrodes...
...This done, he disconnects the patient from the heart-lung machine, restarts the heart with a second electric shock and slips out of the operating room for a breather while an assistant cuts away the mammary artery. A few minutes later, Effler returns, implants that artery in the left ventricular wall and steps back so that his assistants can take over and close the wound...
...evaluated. As a result, Johnson operates on many patients whom the Cleveland crew would reject as unfit. But Stanford's Dr. Norman Shumway Jr., inventor of the heart-transplant technique, has reservations about his colleagues' methods. He believes that mammary implants, which may take months to improve ventricular circulation, are impractical. Instead he combines bypass grafts with the gas endarterectomies in what his operating team calls a "gas and pass" procedure...