Word: venusized
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...until Dec. 13 or 14 will Mariner pass close to Venus. But along the way it will conduct four experiments that are expected to tell scientists much about the conditions in interplanetary space. A magnetometer in the 447-lb. spacecraft will measure the magnetic fields of space and Venus. An ionization chamber and a group of three Geiger-Miiller tubes will measure the number and intensity of such high-energy particles as protons, electrons and the nuclei of atoms, in an effort to gather more knowledge about the hazards of manned space flights. One instrument will determine the flow...
With Mariner so oriented, scientists will be able to order its steering rocket to make speed and directional changes in midcourse. Such changes will probably be necessary some time this week, because tracking data indicate that Mariner will pass some 250,000 miles from Venus instead of the 10,000 miles required for scientific experiments-an error that is well within Mariner's power of correction...
...Pass at Venus. Shooting a space vehicle so close to Venus is vaguely comparable to trying to shoot a bird on the wing from a speeding boat. Both Venus and Earth are racing on orbits around...
Manner, in order to make a pass at Venus, must travel more than 180 million miles in a curving trajectory (see diagram), even though Earth and Venus are only 69 million miles apart at time of launch...
...Argument. But the major purpose of Mariner II is to settle some old scientific arguments. Although Venus is Earth's nearest planetary neighbor, scientists have been able to learn very little about it. Venus is covered with a dense layer of clouds that hides its surface. Scientists have variously estimated its temperatures from 38° below zero in its upper atmosphere to 615°F. near its surface...