Word: vi
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Giuseppi Roncalli, 76. Roncalli, of course, became Pope John XXIII, whose Vatican Council set in motion epochal reforms in the church. But Montini, who was made a Cardinal by John, finally got his turn after John died in 1963, and it was his dogged bureaucratic talents, as Pope Paul VI, that made the sweeping new policies stick. Thus, writes Wilton Wynn, "the old Cardinals locked up in each successive conclave chose as Pope precisely the personality most needed at the moment." Wynn, a correspondent in TIME's Rome bureau from 1962 to 1985, offers a memoir of his Vatican watching...
...encyclical Humanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI strongly reaffirmed his church's traditional opposition to artificial means of birth control. That authoritative teaching left Roman Catholic couples with only two ways to limit the size of their families: 1) use the morally acceptable rhythm method, which was then so unreliable as to justify the sobriquet "Roman roulette"; or 2) follow their consciences rather than papal counsel and adopt such forbidden means of contraception as diaphragms, condoms or the Pill -- which millions...
...Swiss hamlet of Econe in 1970, he began proclaiming that the modernized church policies of the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) were heretical abominations. Dismayed, the Holy See ordered him not to ordain any of his seminarians. When he defiantly went ahead and did so in 1976, Pope Paul VI forbade the Archbishop to administer the sacraments. He ignored that injunction as well...
...lewd books, as well as pictures, lutes, playing cards, mirrors and other vanities, and piled them in the great Piazza della Signoria of Florence. The pyramid of offending objects rose 60 feet high, and went up in flames. One year later Savonarola had a political quarrel with Pope Alexander VI, was excommunicated, tried and hanged. His body was burned at the stake. Savonarola went up in smoke...
...said the Pontiff, amounted to nothing less than a "betrayal of humanity's legitimate expectations." The document, titled Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (The Social Concerns of the Church), contains some of the most sweeping social pronouncements the Pope has yet made. It was issued as an updating of Pope Paul VI's influential 1967 encyclical Populorum Progressio (The Development of Peoples...