Word: vibrio
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...make matters worse, the same climatic changes that caused the abundance of herpes and plankton on the Atlantic coast - and which contributed to an explosion of jellyfish in Mediterranean waters have also caused a proliferation of Vibrio splendidus bacterium. The effects of that bacteria left younger oysters both more vulnerable to herpes infection, and less capable of battling the virus as it killed them. Scientists fear that as waters heat up thanks to global warming oysters may regularly face such conditions in the future, disrupting France's annual oyster production of 120,000 tons - the largest in Europe and fourth...
Take the journey of the bacterium that caused all the trouble, Vibrio cholerae. From its source in the Ganges. Jones follows its progress to Broad Street and beyond, to the megacities of today's developing world via some illuminating detours. He details, for example, how the human body's adaptability to alcohol, a pretty good option when clean water is hard to find, became a genetic advantage and helped drive urbanization...
...victory over the miasmatists wasn't conceded until years after his death in 1858. Some never relented, such as London's otherwise enlightened Health Board chief, Edwin Chadwick, who went to his grave still propounding that belief in 1890 - seven years after the German scientist Robert Koch definitively identified Vibrio cholerae...