Word: vicos
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...retired two-star general in the National Guard, Archibald ("Arch") Sproul, 56, meets plenty of important military men at home and abroad. For example, General Suharto, President of Indonesia. Two months after Suharto won control of the government in 1966, Sproul organized Virginia International Co. (VICO) and went to Indonesia in search of "business opportunities." He met Suharto in 1967, and now he has more ventures than his company can handle alone. He operates a rubber plant and has a lease on 67,000 acres of land-obtained for about a cent an acre-that he plans...
Finally, Professor Lipset's view of historical cycles is, of course, none too eccentric a view of history: Plato, Polybius, Machiavelli, Vico, Spengler form an impressive pedigree. He need not even be too cautious in predicting when the next conservative cycle will dawn. After all, Plato-boldly and rather sensibly, as it would be well-nigh difficult and unnecessary to prove him wrong-calculated that history returned upon itself in 72,000 years! From internal evidence there is no doubt that for Lipset the periodicity of this circular movement by which the history of the states returned, over and over...
...Vico's Cycle. In brisk, schoolmasterly fashion (both Burgess and Joyce once taught school), Burgess expounds, for those who came in late, the ABCs of Wake. The structure of the book, he explains, follows the four-cycle theory of history devised by the Italian philosopher Giovanni Battista Vico (1668-1774), in which human societies progress through the four stages of theocracy, aristocracy, democracy and ricorso (or recurrence). The title of the book is itself a Joycean wordplay. "Finn (fin or finis) -egan" could mean "end again," suggesting the completion of Vico's cycle, while "Wake" suggests rising from...
Though history was, to Joyce, "a nightmare from which I am trying to awake," he made some frightening images of the history of his time. Finnegans Wake derives much from the philosopher Giambattista Vico's cyclic theory of history, which is highly apposite to the present. According to Vico, and Joyce, the first of a civilization's four phases begins, and the last collapses, in fear of thunder, and a rush for underground shelter; and in that sheltering cave, religion and family life begin again. Today the ambiguous thunder talks above every great city of the earth...
Young French Historian Jules Michelet, a poor printer's son born in 1798, after the French Revolution, was inspired by Vico. Wrote Michelet: "... I was seized by a frenzy caught from Vico, an incredible intoxication with his great historical principle." This frenzied intoxication, coupled with an idea that Vico did not live long enough to share-the idea of progress-lasted Michelet through a lifetime of historical writing...