Word: vienna
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Ventures. Planemaking will be a new venture for venturesome, 37-year-old Bob Fulton. After he graduated from Harvard in 1931, he studied architecture at the University of Vienna, motorcycled from London to Tokyo in 18 months, wrote a book (One Man Caravan, Harcourt, Brace; $3), made a lecture tour of the U.S., worked for Pan American Airways and formed Continental Inc. This last manufactured $6 million worth of aeronautical equipment. Main item: the "gunairstructor," Navy training device Fulton invented...
...Metternich and Castlereagh, thousands of Russian soldiers in Europe were almost as frightening as Napoleon's rand Army. Instead, England, France and Austria signed a secret treaty of military alliance against Russia and her satelite Prussia. Even while the Congress was sitting in Vienna, war between its peacemakers was often considered inevitable. Who Won? Each delegate also brought the peace table his own valuation of his country's contribution to victory. Britons were in no doubt that their 20 years' resistance to Napoleon had been decisive. Austria believed that her support had tipped the balance; Prussia gloried...
...Nuisances. Whatever the differences of the Big Three, says Nicolson, their peacemaking would have been easier if the major powers alone were involved. Inevitable "nuisances,and . . . eccentrics" were present at the Congress of Vienna. Prussian Delegate Prince Hardenburg was stone-deaf. Spanish Delegate Don Pedro Gomez Labrador spent his time mimicking French Delegate Talleyrand. Thirty-two minor German royalties attended-and brought their wives, mistresses and secretaries of state...
...while they talked at Vienna, the world changed about them. When the talking began, Russia and Austria were the major European land-powers. But when Napoleon escaped from Elba, the Russian armies had dribbled home; Austria was occupied in Italy. Only England and Prussia were set to smash Napoleon at Waterloo, and their joint victory made Prussia a major nation, England the most powerful country in Europe...
...Moral Principles. Nicolson believes that it is to England's credit that she did not exploit this power. The Congress of Vienna contains brilliant, mostly sympathetic pen-portraits of all the principal actors, but Britain's Lord Castlereagh is Nicolson's favorite. In his day, Castlereagh was the best-hated statesman in England. (Byron called him "the vulgarest tool that Tyranny could want," and "the intellectual eunuch"; Shelley wrote the famous lines: I met Murder on the way-He had a mask like Castlereagh.) Contemptuous of parliamentary and public opinion, antiliberal, cold-blooded Castlereagh desired the independence...