Word: viewing
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...throughout 1948 has had the greatest worldwide influence (for good or evil, according to one's point of view) is undoubtedly Joseph Stalin...
Through all this historical process, everything is relative -meaning that although a slave-owning economy is viewed as deplorable today, it was once, when it had just succeeded the primitive communal system, a "step forward." In other words, there is no "eternal justice." Men's ideas, their point of view (their "consciousness"), are reflections of these contradictions, of these struggling, contending forces, and of their eruptions into new things. Says Stalin: "The material life of society . . . is primary, and its spiritual life secondary, derivative." An example (not Stalin's): in the U.S. frontier days...
Peipingers looked on all this activity as a rude intrusion on the quiet culture of their ancient capital. "General Fu is not defending Peiping," they told each other, "Peiping is defending General Fu." There was much to support this view. It was a common rumor that the Reds had picked the lovely cultural center for their national capital. A Communist spokesman in Hong Kong said flatly: "No Chinese army will take the responsibility of destroying Peiping...
...Gathering Storm was the first dramatic volume of what promises to be a great history of the war and Churchill's stewardship. Best of such U.S. books was Dramatist Robert Sherwood's Roosevelt and Hopkins, perhaps too worshipful of both men, but the clearest view yet of the war at the Roosevelt-Churchill-Stalin level. Overshadowed by these two, but important for the record, were The Memoirs of Cordell Hull and Henry L. Stimson's On Active Service in Peace...
Arnold Toynbee, whose Study of History (a one-volume condensation of his work-in-progress) was a surprise bestseller of 1947, again was listed with an even more unlikely candidate, Civilization on Trial. In 13 scholarly essays he reaffirmed the large, calm view of history, taking the position that man might be destroyed but other formS of life would carry...