Word: viii
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...launched a royal rage. The impromptu game, which came to be known as court tennis, spread from cloister to castle and soon ranked as the foremost sport of kings. Louis X so overextended him self chasing balls that he became ill and died shortly after a match. Henry VIII was reportedly puffing around the court when aides informed him that Anne Boleyn's beheading had been accomplished. In 1641, Louis XIII of France defeated Philip IV of Spain in a match, perhaps because Cardinal Richelieu was the referee. Benvenuto Cellini also took a whack at the game...
Paul has frequently denounced excesses of reform within the church, but last week marked the first time that he has publicly referred to schism-a word that has almost never been mentioned by pontiffs since Clement VII hurled the accusation at Henry VIII more than four centuries ago. To many Vatican observers, the Holy Week statements suggest that the Pope has taken as much as he can from the dissenters and is ready to deliver an ultimatum to those who persist in ecclesiastical rebellion...
...Thank you for bringing to the attention of the American public the disgusting injustice that has long plagued the Catholics in Northern Ireland [Jan. 31]. Granted, the British have come a long way since the days of Henry VIII-but they still have a long way to come before Northern Ireland comes out of the Dark Ages...
...growing nationalism, but there was never a serious challenge to their position as head of the church. The Emperor Henry IV knelt penitentially in the snows of Canossa before Pope Gregory VII; France's King Philip the Fair, a few centuries later, made a virtual prisoner of Boniface VIII. Both monarchs acknowledged alike that the Roman pontiff was their spiritual overlord. Popes seldom made major church decisions apart from consultation with general councils, which assumed special importance in preserving unity during the Great Western Schism (1378-1417), when there were as many as three rival claimants to the title...
...Bertrand Russell, Human Society in Ethics and Politics, esp. p. viii...