Word: viral
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...second major concern lies with senior forward Rob Millar. Millar, the team's current top scorer, did not practice this week. He has been plagued with a viral infection, initially feared to be mononucleosis. It will be a game-time decision whether Millar will dress tonight, and Tomassoni did not speculate an outcome...
...during the animal's lifetime, Hahn and her colleagues, including Feng Gao, husband George Shaw and Paul Sharp, set about amplifying, sequencing and analyzing Marilyn's virus. Except in the rarest cases, chimps like the sooty mangabeys never show AIDS-like symptoms. Even so, when the researchers compared the viral DNA with the three known types of SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), they found it had a substantially different genetic makeup. And when they compared Marilyn's genetic makeup with that of other chimps, they determined that she belonged to a different subspecies than the chimps that harbor the other...
...does the naked DNA, without viral assistance, penetrate the walls of the heart-muscle cells? "To be perfectly honest," Isner confesses, "no one really understands how it gets there." But unlike most other therapeutic genes, which must find their way into millions of cells to have a therapeutic effect, VEG-F needs to invade only relatively few. Its protein product, issuing from the cell, can act on untold numbers of surrounding, untreated cells. Quips Isner in a parody of the Marine Corps slogan, "All we're looking for are a few good cells...
...vast majority of other trials, scientists are hard at work developing a new generation of viral vectors. One promising candidate, says Pennsylvania's Wilson, is the AAV (adeno-associated virus), a small, benign human virus that does not seem to cause any disease. "It doesn't elicit the same kind of inflammatory response that the other vectors do," Wilson explains. "It's somehow evolved the way to get around that." The AAV also efficiently insinuates itself into nondividing cells and, in tests with monkeys and mice, has enabled the therapeutic gene engineered into it to express itself for more than...
Because their cells naturally produce large quantities of protein, potatoes and tomatoes seem for now to be the most efficient vehicles for the new approach. Instead of mixing viral or bacterial DNA in a formula for injection, for example, scientists could insert it into soil bacteria. When the bacteria are taken up by the plant, therapeutic DNA material is stitched into the plant's genome. Another method of getting genes into plants is to coat tiny particles of tungsten or gold with foreign DNA, then shoot the particles directly into plant cells. Either way, the plant's cells start...