Word: virus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Died. Dr. Charles Armstrong, 80, an Ohio-born research physician for the National Institute of Health who, in 1939, cultured a strain of human polio virus that could paralyze mice, thus giving scientists a low-cost laboratory animal, a breakthrough that inaugurated 16 years of intense research, climaxing in development of the Salk vaccine; of uremia; in Chevy Chase...
Electron microscopists have since photographed lysosomes, and Dr. de Duve, now at Rockefeller University, has figured out some of the ways they work (see diagram). In a typical case, a foreign particle (it may be a virus, a bacterium or a chemical) reaches the side of a cell and is sucked in, sealed off by a piece of the cell's own membrane. Standing by inside the cell is a lysosome, packed with enzymes. Lysosome and invader, now packaged in a phagosome, are drawn together and fuse. In the resulting sac, called a vacuole, the foreign substance is digested...
Usually, that is good; the harmless debris may be either left in the cell or expelled from it. But in the case of some viruses, the effect may be to bare the virus particle's nucleic acid and leave it free to infect the cell. Moreover, as New York University's Dr. Gerald Weissmann reported in Michigan, some virus particles can survive a spell in a digestive sac, and emerge from it with their infective powers intact. By another mechanism, lysosomes can be directly harmful: they may, for reasons not yet guessed at, attack part of their...
...symposium experts admitted that they were bewildered by the complexities of inflammation. If they were red-faced, it was appropriate. As U.C.L.A.'s Dr. Carl Pearson pointed out, the redness of measles is not a direct result of the virus invasion but a consequence of the inflammatory reaction by which the body tries to cure itself...
...been concerned by the dangers of wholesale, haphazard vaccinations (TIME, May 20), has been working for 20 years to devise a safer vaccine. To the American Pediatric Society in Atlantic City he reported the success that he and his colleague have achieved. Starting with a standard strain of cowpox virus grown in calves, they repeatedly grew it in a series of fertilized eggs. The vaccine from the virus harvested from the last eggs in the series had about the same potency as the standard calf-lymph material and could be given by the usual multiple-puncture method, or injected under...