Word: virus
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...most of its victims, the cold sore that breaks out on the lips is an annoying, repetitive sign of a not too serious infection. But unlike its more benign viral cousins that cause the common cold, the herpes simplex virus that produces cold sores or fever blisters can in rare instances cause blindness, if it spreads to the eye, and death, if it reaches the brain. For years medical researchers have unsuccessfully attempted to concoct a herpes vaccine that would provide immunity...
...history-began in the dingy Negro sections, where mosquitoes breed in open drainage ditches and get into houses through tattered window screens. But the disease quickly spread to all areas of the city, probably borne by the female Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, a night biter that acquires the virus from birds (and possibly small animals and reptiles), which are thought by most experts to be the natural reservoirs of the disease. SLE attacks the spinal cord and the brain, destroying nerve cells and frequently damaging the small blood vessels that supply the brain...
...called because it was first recognized as a distinct virus-caused disease, different from the many other forms of viral encephalitis, in the 1933 epidemic that raged around St. Louis, when more than 1,130 people became ill and 201 died...
Until recently all rabies vaccine was made much as Pasteur made it: by injecting the virus into the brains of rabbits. The vaccine that was later extracted contained rabbit-brain protein, and it was likely to set up painful local reactions. In some cases it caused paralysis or death. In 1957, Eli Lilly & Co. began marketing a vaccine made in fertilized duck eggs. Only the occasional person who is allergic to eggs will get a bad reaction from it. For dogs, a preventive vaccine made from live, though weakened, virus has proved effective. But it has been considered too risky...
Human-to-Human Serum. Dr. Tierkel also had good news for people who may be bitten by suspected rabid animals around the head and neck-from which the virus may reach the central nervous system before abdominal injections have time to build up protective antibody. Since 1954. these victims have been injected with antirabies serum from horses. This gives only short-lived, "passive" immunity, but it works fast. The trouble is that horse serum is almost as dangerous as the rabbit-brain product. Now, said Dr. Tierkel, veterinarians and others who have had a full course of vaccinations are being...