Word: virus
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...viral infection, which current medical theory holds to be a main cause of cancer, should occur, the body would not be able to reject either the virus or the tumor, he said...
Other doctors, meanwhile, have borrowed a leaf from Coley's book and have been trying, with some success, to awaken sleeping immune systems to combat cancer. The techniques of this approach vary widely. Some doctors still use Coley's bacterial-toxin formula; others inject vaccine made from killed mumps virus and diphtheria bacteria. Many, however, prefer a live-bacteria tuberculosis vaccine called BCG (for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, after the Frenchmen who developed...
Handicapped. Actually the virus may have been partly responsible for one of Chapin's most popular innovations-the use of understudies to replace ailing stars. In the past a young hopeful's dream of stepping in at the Met often remained a fantasy, since half a dozen transatlantic phone calls would be made to get another singer with a big reputation. This season, however, when the celebrated tenor Franco Corelli canceled, Singer William Lewis was given a chance to sing Romeo -and filled the gap admirably...
...immune to the radically different "Asian A2" and Hong Kong strains that erupted in those years. The Pasteur scientists do not claim to have anticipated such a major mutation. But in between such large alterations, the virus undergoes a process called "antigenic drift," in which subtle changes occur in the virus' protein overcoat. The now prevalent London flu strain represents one of several such minor changes in the basic Hong Kong virus of 1968, and generally available vaccines are only 50% effective against...
Forced Evolution. Until now, a vaccine to combat a newly evolved strain could be prepared only after the event (TIME, Aug. 21). Ideally, as Professor Claude Hannoun explained it, scientists would like to anticipate all the antigenic changes that nature might make in the next few years in the virus' protein coat. But how to anticipate nature? That would require capturing all the Hong Kong derivative strains now available, growing them in the laboratory and attacking them with different types of antibody. Most would be neutralized, but in this artificial equivalent of the Darwinian process of natural selection...