Word: virus
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...whiffing repeatedly, failing to make contact as HIV stymied them again and again. Powerful drugs to foil HIV could do only so much. To corral the epidemic and truly prevent HIV, only a vaccine would do. The problem was that no vaccine strategy had ever succeeded in blocking the virus from infecting new hosts, and that wasn't likely to change in the near future. "It struck a special chord with me," says Ho of the baseball image. "I think it accurately pictured our chance of success. We all felt that frustration." (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...
...that public-health experts normally view as a minimum threshold for an infectious-disease vaccine. Even further behind in development, but still promising, are two new antibodies identified by a group of researchers working at a number of labs that, at least in a dish, seem to neutralize the virus and thwart attempts to infect healthy cells...
...unclear if Sindiswa contracted HIV before or after she was sold, but some of her clients didn't use condoms. She was diagnosed with the virus only a week before I met her. When she was too sick to stand and thus useless as a slave, Jude had thrown her onto the street. Nurses expected her to die within days...
...said that analysis found that mutations at solely sites 46 or 82 lead to weak resistance to Indinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, but mutations at site 54 alone have no effect. More surprisingly, mutations at sites 54 and 45 actually made the virus even more susceptible to the drug...
Resistance arises when mutations in the HIV genome lead to changes in the viral protein structure, thus creating unfavorable conditions for drug binding. As a result of the ease with which the virus mutates, HIV patients eventually develop resistance to all antiviral drugs...