Word: viruses
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...transmitters of Plague No. 1 are the rat-flea and the human louse. These greedy insects suck in the virus of typhus from the blood of their hosts, pass the disease on at their next feeding point. The viruses of rat and human typhus are slightly different. But when either gets into a human being's blood they cause precisely the same symptoms...
When an attack of typhus is mild it probably is due to the bite of a rat-flea. In human blood rat-typhus virus may be transformed, by ways which bacteriologists have not discovered, into human-typhus virus which in turn is transmitted by lice in a much more virulent form. Professor Zinsser two years ago invented a vaccine to prevent human typhus (TIME, March 13, 1933). Before that, Dr. Rolla Eugene Dyer of the U. S. Public Health Service invented a vaccine to protect humans against rat typhus (TIME, Nov. 7, 1932). Though the mortality rate of typhus under...
Hope of conquering infantile paralysis first arose in 1910 when Dr. Simon Flexner of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research discovered the virus which causes the disease. He found it in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, and suspected that it might exist along the olfactory nerve. Not until last year did Dr. Maurice Brodie of Manhattan and Dr. Arthur Roland Elvidge of McGill University discover that the virus did travel up the olfactory nerve to the brain, then to the spine...
That discovery accelerated the search for a vaccine which could immunize children against infantile paralysis. Blood of persons who have survived the disease contains invisible substances called antibodies which neutralize the virus. Hence they are immune. When serum from such blood is injected into a child's veins, the child also becomes immune...
Early this year Dr. Brodie, who works on Dr. Park's staff, discovered that, if he mashed the spinal cords of infected monkeys with formalin, the resultant mixture would immunize other monkeys against live virus...