Word: viruses
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Dogs droop and often die of distemper, a virus disease which affects them very much as influenza affects human beings. For experimental purposes scientists infect monkeys with the virus of distemper, just as they infect them with the virus of infantile paralysis. Last year, at Valhalla, N. Y., Dr. Gilbert Julias Dalldorf and associates* tried to inoculate monkeys with strains of both diseases at the same time and found that monkeys will not catch infantile paralysis while suffering from distemper. Last fortnight the Rockefeller Institute's Journal of Experimental Medicine presented the details of the experiments, as well...
...scientists now understand immunity to disease, 1) the blood develops substances which destroy certain germs and viruses that invade the body, or 2) body tissues develop resistance to agents of disease. Neither explanation covers the temporary immunity to infantile paralysis which distemper confers on monkeys. Dr. Dalldorf reasoned that "both viruses require, for their propagation, a common cell protein or other substance which the conjugation of the first virus exhausts and thereby prevents the multiplication of [the] other virus." If he and his associates are correct, they believe that they have discovered "a new immunity mechanism in the virus field...
...thing, they can detect an incipient case of measles by applying a blue black stain called nigrosin, which has a special affinity for measles virus, to a specimen of mucus from the nose or throat of anyone suffering from a sore throat. If he is coming down with measles, the virus can be seen under the microscope as dark dots...
...blood of chickens with growing cancers there may be antibodies in amounts detectable by chemical means. "A hen may carry a tumor," he wrote, "and have at the same time more than enough of the immune body in its circulating fluids to neutralize the whole of the virus in its tumor, and the tumor nevertheless continues to grow." The reason appeared to be that the cancer virus takes refuge inside the body cells, where the antibody for some reason cannot penetrate. The chicken is thus in the unfortunate position of a military com-mander who has enough troops to wipe...
...activity after the poison was removed. Finally Rockefeller Institute's John Howard Northrop isolated a phage, showed it to be a protein with the catalyzing properties of an enzyme. These researches convinced many a bacteriologist that phages are nonliving protein molecules, like Wendell Meredith Stanley's crystallized virus which causes tobacco mosaic disease in plants...