Word: viruses
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Virus pneumonia put Cincinnati symphonist Eugene Goossens in hospital in Dubuque, Iowa...
...Public Health Service, busy searching for a cure for mumps, last week reported a dividend: a vaccine, highly successful in immunizing monkeys, and now being tested with human volunteers. The vaccine uses virus from mumps convalescents; the virus is first cultured in chick embryos, then killed by ether or ultraviolet irradiation...
...children, to whom mumps is ordinarily not serious, the vaccine would have little meaning. But to grownups, it was good news. Reasons:1)the mumps virus often attacks the sex glands of men & women, may cause sterility; 2) the aftermath of mumps may be meningoencephalitis, deafness, or nephritis (inflammation of the kidney...
...final quarter went to Dr. Wendell Meredith Stanley, also of Rockefeller-at-Princeton. Stanley was the man who threw a bomb into science (and philosophy and religion) by finding a Thing which acted like an inanimate chemical and also like a living, growing organism. It was the virus which causes the "mosaic disease" in tobacco plants. It can spread from plant to plant, multiplying within the living cells, apparently living itself. Dr. Stanley tricked it into a test tube, where it quieted down, the "living" molecules stacking together into protein crystals. But within this seemingly dead chemical, the spirit...
During the war, Dr. Stanley worked on vaccines to use against influenza and Japanese encephalitis. (He handled the deadly encephalitis virus himself, rarely letting others touch it.) Now he is back at basic virus research, trying to find out how these living-dead things reproduce. There, he believes, lies the secret of life...