Word: viruses
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Although the two resolutions are not identical, both state that Enders, Weller, and Robbins paved the way for the final development of the vaccine by Dr. Jonas Salk when, in 1949, they discovered that the virus can multiply in tissue from primates...
...polio but who got no shots, there were eleven deaths. Among children who got placebo shots, there were four deaths. It Is Potent. This quality was measured by the vaccine's ability to raise the bloodstream concentration of antibodies that can defeat an invasion by the polio virus. To prove it, 27,000 blood samples from 9,000 children, taken before and at intervals after vaccination, were meticulously studied. (This part of the evaluation program alone involved highly technical work with 2.000,000 test tubes, took five months.) However, no sooner had Dr. Francis finished reporting his results than...
...pharmaceutical firms* are now producing Salk vaccine or hurrying to get into production. The vaccine works on a principle that has already provided protection against such traditional plagues as smallpox and yellow fever. When they attack human beings or other mammals, most viruses stimulate the invaded system to manufacture tiny protein particles "called antibodies. If the system under assault does not have enough of these antibodies, or cannot manufacture them fast enough, the victim may die, or, with polio, suffer permanent crippling. Polio virus is unusual in that there are three main types. All can cause paralysis, but one type...
...Their discovery paves the way for the growth of the virus in quantities massive enough for use in a vaccine," the statement said. October's Nobel Prize citation hailed the team's discovery of "the ability of poliomyelitis to multiply in tissue from primates...
...march was long and the marchers many. First came the viruses, then the rats, monkeys, the test tube cultures, and finally the pure strain from Brunhilde the chimpanzee. Brunhilde's type of infantile paralysis marched along with Lansing's and Leon's. The Mahoney virus replaced Brunhilde's and the trio of Mahoney, Lansing, and Leon, or simply Types One, Two, and Three grew in kidney tissure cultures, died in formaldehyde baths, and entered blood streams as the Salk polio vaccine...