Word: viruses
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...scheduled to inoculate his first healthy volunteers in New York with the U.S. version of the vaccine this week. Before he can begin testing a vaccine in China, however, Ho needs to know more about the virus strains circulating there. To protect against HIV, any experimental AIDS vaccine must be designed to match the rapidly changing strains moving through a population. Ho needs access to the blood of a lot of HIV-positive patients, so when he started looking for a place in China to conduct his trials, he turned first to Yunnan, a province with one of the greatest...
...Scattered along the drug route is China's largest concentration of heroin addicts. Yunnan has the highest IV-drug-use rates in China, and a recent U.N. AIDS report estimates that anywhere from 50% to 80% of the users are carrying the AIDS virus. HIV spread via unprotected sex is also on the rise here, accounting for 15% of HIV infections in 2000. All told, say health officials in Yunnan, this single province accounts for one-third of China's reported AIDS cases...
...without the data. Clearly, the few programs that the Chinese had put in place?distributing condoms and educating people about the dangers of unprotected sex?were having little effect on the spread of HIV, and most of the population was still both misinformed and uninformed about how dangerous the virus is. "We all appreciate that the epidemic in China was bigger than our expectations," he says. "We found ourselves taking on issues beyond just our research agenda. We realized that with a few more partners, we could?and should?do more educating, treating and training of people about AIDS...
...region. Inside, however, in stark contrast to its tropical-outpost surroundings, are a few jewels of the modern microbiology trade?a state-of-the-art freezer for storing blood samples and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a machine for screening HIV that can identify specific antibodies to the virus...
...equipment, including a computer and fax machine, all donated by Ho, will enable Mangxi to share vital data with Kunming, 450 km away, and with Ho's group in the U.S. Yunnan's first case of HIV infection was discovered in Mangxi in 1989. Presumably the virus has been circulating here the longest; being able to include patients from the region in his study will enable Ho to tell how quickly the virus is mutating and which strains should be part of his experimental inoculation...