Word: vitamin
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Thus the FDA director was in the contradictory position of approving-if only off the cuff-a drug that has not had thorough scientific inspection. He had previously complained that American families waste money on unneeded vitamin pills and had roundly condemned children's candy cigarettes-which he thinks might lead them eventually to the real thing. Last week, though he later qualified his remarks enough to note the legal and possible long-term hazards of marijuana, Goddard's basic equation of pot and liquor still stood. Immediate outrage followed. Among the most incensed was Dr. Robert...
...Harvard's "Nat Sci 5" have made him one of the great college teachers in the U.S. (TIME cover, May 6, 1966), has been primarily concerned with the eye's chemical makeup and reactions. Pursuing a "hunch" in the early 1930s, he discovered the presence of vitamin A in the retina, then went on to determine its presence and complex workings in the visual pigment. Now, he says with undiminished excitement, "we're on the edge of a whole series of new things" in knowledge of the eye, including a better explanation-perhaps eventually even a treatment...
...research that earned Wald the award began in Germany more than three decades ago, when he discovered Vitamin A in the retina. The retina is the membrane that receives the visual image from the lens and passes it on to the brain through the optic nerve...
Wald later discovered that the three pigments of vision are all composed of vitamin A linked to a protein. The difference in the pigments, he found, was due to the difference in the proteins. Wald's wife, Ruth Hubbard, discovered that vision depends on the shape of the vitamin A molecule, and that the role of light is to change the shape of the molecule, triggering the vision process. After that, she found, light plays no role in vision...
...added pigment-again, starting with chance mutation-as a screen against harmful radiation from the sun. It is a fact that Negroes seldom have skin cancer, though its incidence is rising noticeably in the white population of the U.S. The same pigment, by filtering solar radiation, impedes synthesis of vitamin D, which prevents rickets and is manufactured from the sun's rays by the body. As early man migrated out of the tropical sun-into the green jungle, north to less torrid zones-light skin thereupon conferred an advantage by admitting more vitamin D-produc-ing sunlight...