Word: vitro
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Louise Brown, history's first "test-tube baby," could not have been born in the U.S. Since August 1975 the Federal Government has banned new grants for research on in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and without the money experimentation has virtually ceased. The ban was ordered because of deep moral qualms about scientific tampering with human reproduction. Besides that, IVF involves the moral status of the human embryo, a matter linked to the religiously anguishing abortion debate...
Partly with such objections in mind, the board recommended that as in-vitro research proceeds, the public must be informed of any evidence that IVF produces a higher rate of abnormal children than natural reproduction. It also proposed three other significant safeguards...
Since the beginning of their partnership more than a decade ago, Steptoe and Edwards are believed to have attempted in-vitro fertilization and implantation in hundreds of women. In perhaps half of these cases, eggs were fertilized. But successful implantations have been rarer. Shortly before Mrs. Brown was treated last fall, a medical publication quoted Steptoe as saying that of 60 attempted implants, only three showed signs of lasting ? one for nine weeks, the others for two. Why the difficulty...
Unlike in vitro fertilization, which lets nature take its course (sperm from the father and an egg from the mother unite, albeit in a test tube), cloning is asexual, single-parent reproduction. Instead of being a mixture of genes from two parents, the clone (from the Greek word klon, meaning twig or slip) is a genetic copy of its single parent...
...birth of a British test-tube baby came last spring not from London's Fleet Street but from, Manhattan's South Street, in the New York Post-After getting a tip that Britain's Dr. Patrick Steptoe was on the verge of success with an in vitro fertilization technique, Post Reporter Sharon Churcher placed an overseas call to Steptoe. He let it slip that a test-tube baby might soon be born, and Churcher broke the news on April...