Word: vitro
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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What brought the research into the human arena was the rapidly developing field of in-vitro fertilization. In clinics popping up around the world, couples who have trouble conceiving can have their sperm and eggs mixed in a Petri dish -- and the resulting embryos transferred to the mother's womb. The process is distressingly hit-or-miss, though, and the odds of a successful pregnancy go up with the number of embryos used. In a typical in-vitro procedure, doctors will insert three to five embryos in hopes that, at most, one or two will implant...
...woman's ovaries are running out of eggs or do not respond well to hormone treatments designed to stimulate them into superovulating (producing large numbers of eggs on demand). A woman with only one embryo has about a 10% to 20% chance of getting pregnant through in-vitro fertilization. If that embryo could be cloned and turned into three or four, the chances of a successful pregnancy would increase significantly. This is the reason Hall and Stillman began experimenting with cloning. But they weren't trying, in their initial effort, to produce clones that would actually be implanted in their...
...human life," said Hall, his voice choking with emotion. "I respect people's concerns and feelings. But we have not created human life or destroyed human life in this experiment." To Hall and Stillman, human cloning is simply the next step in the logical progression that started with in-vitro fertilization and is driven by a desire to relieve human suffering -- in this case, the suffering of infertile couples...
Husband and wives who have been through in-vitro fertilization with some embryos left over have had to wrestle with the fact that they have a potential human being stored on ice. There are already 10,000 frozen embryos floating around in liquid-nitrogen baths in the U.S., stuck in a kind of icy limbo as their would-be parents sort out the options. Do they let the embryos thaw out and die? Do they give them away? Do they have the right to sell embryos to the highest bidder? And who gets custody -- or the cash -- in a divorce...
...federal purse strings: the government simply cuts off funding to projects Congress finds offensive. But that wouldn't work in this case since there is no federal funding for embryo research; experiments are financed largely by private money, much of it derived from the booming business of in-vitro fertilization...