Word: vo
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Peking patron faces a potential pro-Moscow challenger in Ho's old comrade-in-arms, tough little General Vo Nguyén Giap, 51, victor of Dienbienphu, author of a celebrated book on guerrilla warfare that is studied from Havana to Algiers, and military overseer of the war in the South. Recruited largely from the peasantry, Giap's 400,000-man, Russian-equipped army is closer to the people than the party. His 27 divisions, decked out in eggshell-white uniforms with green badges, help build public works, even bake bricks and construct their own barracks. Naturally...
City school officials tend to use vo-ed schools as dumping grounds for the dull and the delinquent. The teachers, equipment and training methods are often so far behind the times that, in effect, the schools teach students to be unemployable. Last year a report by the Taconic Foundation concluded that the usefulness of New York City's vocational schools is "extremely questionable." Frank Cassell, personnel director of Inland Steel Co., says that "vocational education in Illinois bears about the same relationship to the real needs of industry as the shovel and the pickax do to the equipment demands...
...Lunatic Pattern. The shortcomings are partly rooted in vo-ed's history. Under laws going back to 1917, almost half of the total federal outlays for vocational education are channeled into agriculture and home economics. Since state and local officials conform to the rules so as to get as much federal money as possible, the result is a lunatic pattern. Last year 26% of all vo-ed funds went into agricultural training, although fulltime farm workers comprise only 6% of the nation's labor force...
Lacking prestige in the pedagogic pecking order, vo-ed teachers stick together in the self-protective American Vocational Association, a strong anchor for the status quo in vo-ed teaching. According to Executive Secretary M. D. Mobley, who heads up the A.V.A.'s persistent Washington lobby, what the U.S. needs is plenty of home economics courses. "The most enduring nations of the world" he says, "are those that have maintained good homes...
...Most Important Bill. Last year a panel appointed by President Kennedy urged new directions for vo-ed. Reform has become all the more vital because vocational schools are the main instrument for carrying out 1962's Manpower Development Training Act, which established federal-state programs to re-educate 400,000 unemployed people over the next two years. A few weeks ago, the House of Representatives passed a bill to overhaul vocational education, provide additional federal grants ($237 million a year by 1970), plus state and local matching funds...