Word: voskhods
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Died. Colonel Vladimir M. Komarov, 40, Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the first multi-manned (three) spacecraft, Voskhod 1, which orbited the earth 16 times in 1964; when his second venture into space aboard a new capsule, Soyuz 1, ended in disaster; somewhere in the U.S.S.R. (see SCIENCE...
...Russians, with their huge booster rockets, have been less concerned about weight; they have employed a two-gas system from the beginning of their manned-space program. It has proved awkward in at least one of their space missions. Before Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov could leave Voskhod II for his space walk, he had to breathe pure oxygen (to rid his body of dissolved nitrogen and avoid the possibility of bends). He then entered an air lock, sealed his suit, gradually lowered its pressure to about 3 lbs. per sq. in. (so that it would be less inflated and more flexible...
...Agena's thrust, the Gemini-Agena combination reached a maximum height of 476 miles, carrying Astronauts Young and Collins to the highest altitude ever reached by man-well above the 354-mile record set by Russian Cosmonauts Aleksei Leonov and Pavel Belyayev during the 1965 flight of Voskhod II. In its lofty elliptical orbit, Gemini-Agena passed several times through the "South Atlantic Anomaly," an area where the lower portion of the Van Allen radiation belt dips to within a few hundred miles of the earth. Though the astronauts were exposed to radiation, it was only one-twentieth...
Died. Sergei Korolev, 59, long-rumored head of the Soviet space program, now identified by Tass as the hitherto anonymous designer of the 1957 Sputnik and 1959 Lunik satellites as well as the Vostok and Voskhod spacecrafts used in the world's first manned flight (Yuri Gagarin, in 1961) and first space walk (Alexei Leonov, last March); of complications following surgery; in Moscow...
...ground hard. At the ends of other flights, they seem to have stayed on board, as U.S. astronauts do, while the ships landed beneath bigger and better parachutes. Retrorockets have also been used to check a ship's speed as it nears the ground. The three-man spaceship Voskhod I used this method with great success. Its designers were so sure that the soft landing would work that they gave the crew no parachutes or protective clothing...