Word: wage
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Rerum Novarum, published by Leo XIII in 1891, contended that the rich had in effect enslaved the poor, and that every man has a right to a decent wage and reasonable comfort. Pius XI, in Quadragesima Anno (1931), criticized the economic despotism that results from
...limitless free competition" and reiterated the principle of a just wage...
...well evoked by John Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath and In Dubious Battle; yet field work remains one of the most unpleasant of human occupations. It demands long hours of back-breaking labor, often in choking dust amid insects and under a flaming sun. The harvesttime wage for grape pickers averages $1.65 an hour, plus a 250 bonus for each box picked, while the current federal minimum wage...
...last the union felt strong enough to tackle the growers on a substantive issue. In 1964, the N.F.W.A. took one employer to court for paying less than the then minimum wage of $1.25 per hour, and after months of wrangling, won the case. The amounts of money gained were small but the point was made: a boss could be beaten. Then the association sued the Tulare County housing authority over the rents and conditions at two labor camps, built in the late 1930s and intended to be used for only a few years. The camps were a hideous collection...
...materials now to beat further price rises and economize on scarce and costly labor. Export prices have risen more during the past year in the U.S. than in any other major country but Canada and Britain, and the nation's traditional trade surplus has all but disappeared. Wage gains are exceeding the increase in workers' productivity, pushing up costs all around. Some of the fastest rises are in pay for service workers-laundry men, bus drivers, retail clerks-who produce no more than before and sometimes much less. "That," says Yale Economist William Fellner, "is what makes life...