Word: wage
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Another candidate, Lockwood, has gone beyond advocating that the council hear divisive issues--he has vocally taken sides on them. Lockwood sponsored last year's failed resolution backing an anti-discrimination complaint against the council and co-authored a bill calling on the University not to wage a campaign against the would-be staff election. He says convincing the nine final clubs to admit women would be a top priority in a Lockwood administration...
...saved $8,000, nearly enough for a down payment on a small house. The problem is that his company, United Towing, has just gone the way of dozens of other harbor companies: it has busted Billy's union by hiring maritime workers from Louisiana at a cheaper wage. Billy is suddenly out of a job. A year later, he is scratching out $10,000 a year as a gardener...
Billy is the rule rather than the exception. The number of jobs in his local has dropped from 450 to 250 in the past 15 years. Though the Forrester children have done far better than some of their counterparts elsewhere who work at minimum-wage jobs, they still face a stark choice common to many high school-educated children of blue-collar workers: either to make it into a well-paid but precarious union job or to walk off an economic cliff into a nonunion service-sector job that pays a fraction of such wages...
...world looked very different to Bob Forrester when he married Carol in 1953 and began a new life in Los Angeles. He grew up in East St. Louis, where his father earned a modest blue-collar wage as an engineer in a chemical plant. Carol came from Staten Island, from two generations of longshoremen. Neither Bob nor Carol went to college. But back then, lack of a degree was no impediment to swift upward mobility, and for Bob a union labor job was the quickest ticket into the booming American middle class...
...Last year Billy bought a house in a rural area for $43,000, a purchase made possible by his father's financial aid: Bob put up the down payment of $11,000. Billy too is looking for a job on the waterfront, where the $11 hourly wage and full benefits will go a lot further toward supporting his four children. But such jobs are so scarce, he says, that "you've got to stand in line three days just to get your name on a list. It's a rat race, but I've got enough motivation...