Word: wage
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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What brought about the change? For one thing, greater numbers of women college graduates are filling higher-income professional and managerial jobs traditionally held by men, the study says. Another reason for the remaining wage difference is that men are still twice as likely as women to enter the most highly compensated fields. Moreover, women continue to interrupt employment more often than men (for childbearing, among other things), undermining seniority and availability for promotion. The report downplays an additional explanation for the male-female wage gap: outright sex discrimination...
...reason for the storm warnings is the U.A.W.'s main demand: job security. The autoworkers (average hourly wage: $13.50) are aware that low-cost foreign imports and Japanese-owned U.S. assembly plants make impossible any significant pay hikes by American carmakers. Instead, the union is focusing on the Big Three's shrinking share of the $200 billion U.S. auto market (currently about 70%) and the growing use of foreign suppliers to cut costs. The companies are trying to save money by trimming their domestic labor force, and the U.A.W. has lost more than 400,000 members since 1979. The union...
...members by settling for the same package of 15%-to-23% pay raises that the companies first offered, the strike marked a turning point in black-white labor relations. Calling the walkout a "dress rehearsal" for a strike next year, Ramaphosa pledged to "continue our fight for a living wage until all our demands have been met, and 1988 is the year that we will receive what is demanded...
Even as Roh and Kim chatted amiably last week, the optimistic mood was disrupted by labor violence. More than 700 disputes continue to fester following a rash of strikes that first broke out in July. At a Hyundai Heavy Industries shipyard in Ulsan, where walkouts resumed after wage talks collapsed, a striker died and three others were seriously injured when a driver, whom they had beaten, got back into his truck and ran them over. Some 13,000 strikers occupied the yard, smashing windows, setting fire to cars and battling riot police. Late in the week police raided Hyundai...
...Such confidence was expected of him, but the showdown had become an uneven match. The Chamber claimed that 340,000 employees and two- thirds of its 99 gold and coal mines continued to operate despite the strike. Meanwhile, the workers were losing at least $2.2 million a day in wages. They have no strike funds, which are illegal in South Africa. And replacements were readily available. Reflecting the miners' predicament, Ramaphosa last week lowered the union's proposal from a 30% across-the-board pay increase to 27%. But the Chamber would not budge. In the end, the N.U.M. acceded...