Word: waging
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Meanwhile, in city and in country, new fads and features from the West have begun to change the face and shape of the people. In Peking, women sometimes pay plastic surgeons $20 (half a month's wage for the average urban worker) to have their eyes enlarged, their eyelids folded or their noses straightened. Men think nothing of putting down $5 for a permanent wave. Others spend $5 for disco-coordinated aerobics classes with Oriental Jane Fondas like former Star Gymnast Qi Yufang...
...many curious visitors want to witness the economic miracle of Shenzhen firsthand that the government has had to erect a metal fence, complete with patrol road and sweeping arc lights, along the length of the zone's 54-mile border. Workers in the cities, whose $40-a-month wage used to be twice as high as that of the average farmer, must now watch uneducated villagers take home $400 a month. Jealous, or "red-eyed," party cadres vent their resentment against prosperous peasants by resorting to extortion or exploitation...
Employers exploit illegal aliens who don't demand their rights because they fear deportation. Employers, therefore, get away with violations of laws ranging from the minimum wage to OSHA regulations in the workplace. A 1979 GAO study showed that overtime violations by business resulted in $11.2 million in underpayments. Savings of this magnitude make hiring illegal aliens worth the risk. Roybal's critics argue that, although such violations exist, they are impossible to prosecute. They point to a similar DOL attempt in 1977 which failed to lead to major reforms...
...country's deteriorating economy has added urgency to the political debate. The "miracle" that rapidly industrialized Brazil's economy in the 1960s and early 1970s began to fade when the oil crisis hit and U.S. interest rates skyrocketed. Today the average wage-less than $150 a month-is not enough to feed the average family. Armies of beggars proliferate in city streets and scavenge for food in the refuse of open-air markets. So bad is the situation that last year the mobs took to looting supermarkets in Rio and Sao Paulo. In recent weeks teachers and metalworkers...
Much of the discontent has been generated by austerity measures that the Figueiredo government imposed after the International Monetary Fund came to Brazil's temporary financial rescue in March 1983 with a $4.9 billion loan. The measures include curbs on wage increases, a reduction of food-price subsidies and a tightening of credit. The opposition charges that these policies are far too harsh. At last week's Rio rally, P.M.D.B. President Ulysses Guimaraes accused the government of "wanting to liquidate the riches of Brazil and turn them over to the International Monetary Fund...