Word: waging
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Kharg island, which are well defended and have already withstood Iraqi bombing, the Exocets could be used to discourage vulnerable tankers from calling at the Iranian port. Without ever firing a shot, Iraq could diminish Tehran's main flow of income, thus crippling Iran's ability to wage a war of attrition against the economically strapped Iraqis...
...lofty earnings largely by cutting its costs. U.S. autoindustry employment fell from 1.5 million workers in 1979 to 1.1 million at the end of last year. Fully half the positions lost during the prolonged slump may never be restored. To keep their jobs, the remaining workers gave up wage increases and made additional concessions that saved the Big Three an estimated $3 billion...
...closing plants and laying off workers, it was investing heavily in new technology. Since 1980 the Big Three have spent $42.8 billion to retool assembly lines and boost productivity through improvements ranging from computerized design equipment to the installation of 3,175 robots. Such steps, combined with lower wage bills, have enabled the firms to increase quality while making money on less than spectacular sales. Detroit can now break even by selling some 8.2 million cars and trucks a year, for example, compared with more than 11 million three years...
...protection from creditors under bankruptcy laws and then ordered its workers to take pay cuts that in some cases exceeded 50%. At Eastern (1982 revenues: $3.76 billion), where losses reached $128.9 million during the three quarters that ended last month, Chairman Frank Borman gave employees an ultimatum: accept wage reductions of 15% by Oct. 12, or Eastern would also file for bankruptcy. In addition, Eastern's more than 5,000 flight attendants were set to strike the Miami-based carrier unless it agreed to a new contract...
This revelation, added to postwar years of teaching, produced Lord of the Flies (1954), a taut parable about a group of English schoolboys who are deposited for safekeeping on a coral island while their elders wage nuclear war. Slowly but inexorably, they revert to savagery. "The theme," Golding explained, "is an attempt to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature." The book sold modestly in both England and the U.S. (2,383 copies), but a paperback reprint issued in 1959 hit pay dirt. It became the desired and then the required reading for millions...