Word: walzer
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...screening produced 45 to 50 boys with XXY karyotypes (chromosomal arrangements) and nearly as many of an XYY karyotype. Walzer and his co-researchers have concluded that certain disturbances, notably a slowness in speech development, are associated with the extra X chromosome, Dr. Park S. Gerald, professor of Pediatrics and a participant in the study, says. Gerald states more tentatively that the extra Y chromosome can be linked "on the average" with "more excitable, more emotional" behavior than normal. Gerald says that the severity of this deviance is yet to be determined, but he indicates that the studies...
...Walzer's investigations prompted the organization in 1969 of Science for the People, a group of scientists who charged that Walzer did not consider the failures of society, but blamed deviance on the genetic differences between individuals. Such research, the group has repeatedly maintained, is sponsored by the ruling orders in an attempt to explain away the poverty and oppression of the lower class by fixing its cause on inherent differences in the poor. Jonathan Beckwith '57, professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, has been especially vocal in the dispute, although he says that the issue should not be confused...
Science for the People began pressuring Walzer in the early 70s, and the investigator's research procedures changed slightly over the next five years--partly, apparently, in response to the group's objections. Walzer's group has modified greatly the extent to which it requires informed consent of all participants in the study. Initially, patients in the maternity hospital were "informed" that male babies would be tested only because the hospital's brochure noted the tests, without reference to the charged nature of the study. When a test for the extra chromosome was positive, an investigator would approach the parents...
...abnormal was coercive because it left the parent, anxious over the development of her child, no real choice as to participation in the investigation. Either as a result of the outside pressure (Brown and Beckwith say) or as a result of increasingly restrictive legislation regarding informed conseent (Gerald says), Walzer began obtaining written consent from mothers to take blood tests on their boys...
...other hand, Smith says, to inform the parents fully of aberrant behavior they allegedly could anticipate is equally unethical and unfair to an innocent child. Such behavior patterns have not been documented, and saddling a child's parents with such a hobgoblin might only be, as even Walzer conceded in a grant application, "detrimental to the child's development." Parents overconcerned with their boy's manifestations of deviance might only insure that such deviance would appear, hopelessly prejudicing the findings of the scientists who come around twice a year to interview the family members...