Word: warranted
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...were nothing new in 1971 when demonstrators seized part of the Stanford University Hospital, but student editors of the Stanford Daily (circ. 15,000) covered the event anyway. A wise move. Violence broke out, and nine policemen were injured. Three days later the police, armed with a search warrant, barged into the Daily's offices looking for photographs that might help identify their assailants. They found nothing of use, and the Daily filed suit. Eventually, two lower courts found that the paper's constitutional rights had been violated, and the police were ordered to pay $47,000 in attorneys' fees...
...editors across the nation, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed those rulings. In a 5-to-3 decision, the high bench concluded that police seeking evidence do indeed have the right to push unannounced into a newsroom?or any other place?as long as a judge has issued a search warrant, even if the occupant is not suspected of involvement in a crime. The majority rejected the contentions that police should first seek a subpoena, which can be contested in court, and that freedom of the press under the First Amendment gives newsrooms much more protection against unreasonable searches and seizures...
AFTER A CAMPUS PROTEST in 1971, police obtained a warrant to search the files of the Stanford Daily, an undergraduate newspaper. Since then, two courts have ruled that law enforcement officials must obtain a subpoena to search a newspaper office. Unlike a warrant, a subpoena gives warning before a search, allowing the paper to gather and submit only the documents, tapes or photographs specifically relevant to the case in question. Moreover, it provides the paper a chance to prove that it in fact has no pertinent material, as was the case at Stanford...
...fact, it was not an undiluted victory for the businessman. The court was careful not to strip OSHA of its power to make surprise inspections; it ruled that a warrant must be obtained from a federal magistrate only if an employer demands it. Further, the court released OSHA from having to show probable cause, as in criminal searches, to get the warrant. Indeed, OSHA need not even suspect safety or health violations to request a warrant. Said OSHA'S chief, Eula Bingham: "It all depends on what the employers do. If most comply, there will be no problems...
...either side of the issue believes that OSHA'S activities will be substantially affected. There may be some early delays while OSHA inspectors learn how to get warrants, but this phase should pass quickly. In any event, smart employers will probably not often insist on a warrant. Doing so may just make the inspectors more suspicious and more demanding in their inspections...