Word: wars
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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During the war Dictator Stalin helped to set up Dictator Tito in Yugoslavia. The Soviet Encyclopedia (1946 edition) says: "Led by Tito, the People's Liberation Army together with the Red Army smashed the Germans in 1944 ... He has a brilliant talent for army leadership, he has a great personal courage combined with a great charm and with the talent of an outstanding politician and statesman...
Last week, Moscow's Literary Gazette proved once again that Soviet truth is relative, flexible and pragmatic. Said the Literary Gazette: "It is well known that [during the war] the coward Tito and his entourage were spending their time on the island of Vis, attending drinking parties with Randolph Churchill in the port of Bari, while [Soviet] Marshal Tolbukhin's armies, after annihilating Hitler's divisions, were occupying Belgrade . . . Such are the facts of history...
...long ago Tokyo's Shimbun ran a brief review of The Case of General Yamashita (The University of Chicago Press; $4), by A. Frank Reel, a labor lawyer and former U.S. Army captain, who had helped defend the Japanese commander in America's first major war crimes trial. Next day a SCAP officer phoned Shimbun and other Tokyo papers that it would be "advisable" not to mention Reel's book. The Hosei University Press was likewise cautioned not to publish it. The admonitions have been strictly obeyed...
Retribution. Tomoyuki Yamashita, "Tiger of Malaya" and conqueror of Singapore, climbed down from a Philippine mountaintop on Sept. 2, 1945 to surrender to the Americans. From Tokyo, Supreme Allied Commander MacArthur ordered his immediate trial as a war criminal. Some 60,000 Filipinos and Americans had suffered and died in Japanese atrocities during the eleven months of Yamashita's command in the Philippines. Their fate cried for retribution...
...charge against Yamashita was that he had "unlawfully disregarded and failed to discharge his duty as commander to control the operations of the members of his command, permitting them to commit brutal atrocities . . . thereby violated the Laws of War." This charge, described by the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Wiley Rutledge as "vagueness if not vacuity," laid down a new principle-that a commander is a criminal if his men violate the Laws of War, whether he ordered the violations or even knew of them...