Word: warsaw
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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From their balconies and windows high in Warsaw's party headquarters, top-rank Communist officials stared grimly down on Jerusalem Avenue. There, in the March slush, a mob of 10,000 students from Warsaw's two largest universities converged on the grey building, howling slogans, pelting police with bricks and smashing windows with rock-centered snowballs. Across Poland last week, the regime of Wladyslaw Gomulka gazed in alarm upon similar scenes in what became the country's most menacing riots in eleven years...
...protests were originally ignited by the government's closing of Dziady, an anti-Czarist drama by Adam Mickiewicz (TIME, March 8), but they soon broadened into general dissatisfaction with Gomulka's Soviet-style rule. Spreading from Warsaw, unrest and demonstrations broke out in eight other cities. Students who had started by chanting "Dziady!" were soon crying "Gestapo!" at police and cheering the generalized thaw in Czechoslovakia...
...Alone. Carloads of students quickly brought word of Warsaw's defiance to other university cities. At the country's oldest seat of higher learning, Cracow's 14th century Jagellonian University, some 10,000 students surged through Old Market Square carrying placards that promised "Warsaw is not alone." Shouting down professors who called for calm, they cut classes and jostled with police the next day. In Lublin, at the Communist bloc's only Roman Catholic university, several students were arrested after clashing with police. Elsewhere, bitter but nonviolent protest flared-in Poznan, Wroclaw and Szczecin...
...that any treaty should curb stockpiling among nuclear haves and provide tight protection for have-nots like themselves. Also, as the. only Communist there on friendly terms with West Germany and Israel, Ceausescu gave notice that he would not join in the usual attacks on them. As for the Warsaw Treaty itself, Rumania would like to see its overall command rotated among all its members instead of being monopolized by Russian marshals...
When Wladyslaw Gomulka's increasingly restrictive regime recently closed down a classic play called Dziady, the official reason was "hooligan excesses" -meaning that the audience clapped loudest at the anti-Russian lines. Last week Dziady's public grew louder still. Protesting fines slapped on Warsaw University students for demonstrating against the ban, some 3,000 students paraded through the downtown campus for two days shouting slogans. The government's answer: truckloads of helmeted militiamen, who used truncheons and tear gas to try to subdue the demonstrators. To no avail. At week's end, the students took...