Word: warsaw
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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When Lyndon Johnson picked his Postmaster General, lohn Gronouski, to be U.S. Ambassador to Poland, just about everyone remarked on his lack of diplomatic credentials. But the President had something more in mind for his ex-Cabinet member than sitting around Warsaw waiting to see elusive Polish officials. In effect, he made him his envoy to Eastern Europe, with specific marching orders to travel and to build as many new bridges as possible between the U.S. and the Communist nations. Last week Gronouski finished the first phase of that mission, a tempestuous, ten-day tour of Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary...
Room for Initiative. Gronouski, the grandson of a Polish immigrant and a former university economics professor, has turned into an effective, if somewhat unconventional, diplomat. He pumps Polish hands, kisses Polish babies, stalks the streets of Warsaw in his cocked grey astrakhan, gabs with Polish waiters at embassy cocktail parties. That casual curiosity stood Gronouski in good stead during his Eastern European swing. The first stop was Rumania, the most independent of the former Soviet satellites and the most eager for U.S. trade (TIME cover, March...
...went from stop to stop. In Budapest, discussions with Hungarian foreign ministry officials and a visit to Cardinal Mindszenty; in Sofia, trade talks with Bulgarian economists and a chug-a-lug of the first cold Coca-Cola from a new bottling plant. Then back to Warsaw to prepare his report. Gronouski's summation: "There hasn't yet been a great deal of change [in Communist economic systems], but there is a great deal of thinking. With one exception-Rumania-the countries I visited are experimenting with new economic reforms. That gives more room for individual initiative and opens...
...film's contained bitterness rises in the last half hour, when the story of the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising is told with vivid battleground photography. The ghetto was supposed to have been destroyed within a 24-hour period, in time for Hitler's birthday on April 20. Instead, its prisoners held out against the Germans for 42 days, without the support-perhaps air-dropped medical supplies-that, the filmmakers contend, the hard-pressed Allies could have given...
Some members have insisted on pre-inspection of their purchases-a shocking innovation in fraternal Communist economics. COMECON clearly needs reform, and Rumania's next target on the list of Communist sacred cows may well be the Warsaw Pact. Already, Rumania has unilaterally reduced obligatory service in its army from 24 to 16 months, and Rumanologist George Gross says it is "quite likely that the Rumanians (like the French in NATO) have balked at infringement of their sovereignty...