Word: warsaw
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...roll in 1956. Today the barbed wire of the Iron Curtain separating Hungary from Austria has been snipped into souvenirs, Russian is no longer required in school, the Karl Marx University of Economics in Budapest has stopped preaching Marxist economics, and there is open discussion about withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact...
...Without a Warsaw Pact threat, NATO may gradually dissolve. Likewise, the denuclearization of Europe could become nearly total. Appealing as this may sound, it could endanger the armed balance that has kept the peace since 1945. The cold war was also a cold peace: now in its 45th year, the era that historian John Lewis Gaddis calls the "long peace" is surpassing the stable stretches imposed by Metternich and then Bismarck in the 19th century. One reason is that nuclear weapons made localized wars and territorial disputes too dangerous to allow. They also made a direct confrontation between East...
Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet Union declared that socialism was irreversible, which translated into a decree that its Warsaw Pact neighbors not be allowed to free themselves of Communist clutches. Hence the tanks of 1956 and 1968. Now comes the Gorbachev Doctrine, as articulated in his 1988 U.N. speech: "Freedom of choice is a universal principle that . . . applies both to the capitalist and the socialist system...
...drift as far as they want? Even Gorbachev might not know the answer to that question. What seems likely now is that Moscow may tolerate Poland's political pluralism and Hungary's economic experimentation, but it will be tempted to intervene if either seemed about to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact and expel Soviet troops...
COVER: Defiance rocks the Communist world. China resists while Moscow and Warsaw struggle to reform...