Word: waterways
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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There are many places in Europe where tour buses should not go. Unfortunately there are far fewer where they cannot go. One such rare route is the full, looping length of the river Seine as it winds its way through central Paris toward the English Channel. This is the waterway of kings and conquerors, of ruined abbeys, gothic trees, half-timbered farmhouses and pastoral symphonies on either bank. Until this summer, visitors who wished to savor the creamy countryside of Normandy had to cope with traffic and train schedules. But now, if they wish, they can finally take...
...Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway took $2 billion and twelve years to build, but even before the 234-mile-long canal opened in 1985, it became notorious as one of the biggest Government boondoggles of all time. Connecting the Tennessee River with Alabama's Tombigbee River, which empties into the Gulf of Mexico at Mobile, the waterway was intended to give commercial traffic an alternative route to the Mississippi River. But the Tennessee-Tombigbee quickly proved to be much more popular with pleasure boaters than with shippers, who prefer the Mississippi because it is deeper, wider and has fewer locks...
...with coal, chemicals and other freight. Since the drought has made the Mississippi more hazardous for some vessels, many shippers have turned to the Tenn-Tom, still easily navigable. Says Joe Pyne, president of Houston-based Dixie Carriers: "Without it, some companies would have shut down." In July the waterway carried 2 million tons of cargo, the first time that mark was reached in a single month. So far this year, 5.8 million tons have been hauled, vs. 4 million tons...
...though many concede that Baghdad was mightily provoked by persistent Iranian efforts to stir trouble within Iraq's Shi'ite Muslim minority. After fighting more than three years to recapture its enemy-held land, Iran invaded Iraqi territory in 1984. Eventually, it squeezed off the Shatt al Arab waterway in southern Iraq, the country's only entrance to the gulf. At one point in the conflict, Iran held large areas of territory, notably in southeastern Iraq, and tried to establish an Islamic Republic of Iraq that would replace Hussein's government...
...weeks after the U.S.S. Vincennes downed an Iran Air Airbus, Baghdad began the last stages of a counteroffensive that promised to drive the remaining Iranian soldiers from Iraqi soil. By overrunning Iran's military headquarters on the southern front, Iraq gained control of the vital Shatt al Arab waterway, providing another sign that the eight-year-old gulf war was tilting in Iraq's favor...