Word: weakens
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Building on Pasteur's work, 20th century scientists have learned to mass- produce bacteria and viruses, then weaken or kill them and use them as the major ingredient in vaccines for such varied diseases as typhus, yellow fever, influenza, polio, measles and rubella. Unfortunately, the vaccines occasionally cause the disease they are designed to ward off. (Reason: the "killed" viruses sometimes survive, while the weakened versions often fail to cause an immune response.) In general, however, the vaccines have been quite effective; in recent years the National Academy of Sciences has reported only a handful of polio and diphtheria cases...
...have nothing for the Israelis except stones and Molotov cocktails and feeding our babies with the milk of hatred for them," said Fatima, 60, mother of one of the Palestinians deported last week. Several Palestinians offered predictions confirming Israel's worst fears. "Al-Wazir's killing will no doubt weaken the moderate voices and take Arafat to extremist positions," warned a doctor in Gaza. A Palestinian lawyer offered a prognosis that the Israelis may find even more distressing. "The killing of Abu Jihad," he said, "may achieve Palestinian unity...
...Harvard Vice President for Government and Community Affairs John Shattuck, higher education officials have fought these policies on the grounds that they jeopardize academic freedom. Furthermore, the educators argue, such restrictions weaken scientific research, handicap the American economy and seriously damage national security in the long...
...that too many restrictions lead to a stagnation of basic science. Pointing to the Warsaw Pact countries, scientists argue that their economic stagnation is a result of government restrictions on scientific communication. If the United States continues to restrict the free flow of science and technology, it will ultimately weaken America's position on the cutting edge of research, critics...
...immense constituency of collectors and museumgoers as the quintessential Jewish artist of the 20th century, even though he was not Orthodox and professed, if anything, a discreet and nonmilitant atheism. He had a lyric, flyaway, enraptured imagination, allied to an enviable fluency of hand; the former could weaken into marzipan poignancy, the latter into routine charm. He left behind him an oeuvre of paintings, drawings, prints, book illustrations, private and public art of every kind, rivaling Picasso's in size, if not always in variety or intensity. The number of novice collectors who cut their milk teeth on a Chagall...