Word: welling
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...marks the sesquicentennial of the first oil well, which was drilled in Titusville, Pa. It has been more than a century since any major producer shipped oil in an actual barrel, but the unit has been the industry's standard ever since the overwhelmed Pennsylvania oilmen struck their first gusher. Before U.S. drilling began in 1859, "rock oil" (to differentiate it from vegetable oil or animal fat) was sopped up with rags, wrung out and peddled as a cure for everything from headaches to deafness. Spurred by demand for lamp fuel as whale blubber grew scarce, derricks popped...
...women aged 65 to 85. The researchers divided the group into three: those who had no risk factors for Alzheimer's, those who had a family history of the disease but no genetic indicators of it themselves and those who had both family members with Alzheimer's as well as a version of a gene for a protein called apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) that has been linked to the condition. They slid all of the subjects into an fMRI machine, and while the volunteers were there, they saw names of both famous and not-so-famous people flashed in front...
That could mean that the at-risk people were working harder to recognize the well-known celebrities, compensating for already damaged or destroyed neurons that were no longer functioning, while the control group had to struggle only when trying to place the names of noncelebrities, recruiting more nerve cells and connections, racking their memory banks and recall centers. Significantly, in neither group did pictures of the brain designed to pick up structural changes associated with dementia, like signs of atrophy and dead neurons, show any differences - at least not yet. (Read "Can Language Skills Ward Off Alzheimer's? A Nuns...
...detectable clinical measurement of cognitive decline," says Dr. Ralph Nixon, a psychiatrist at New York University and vice chair of the medical and scientific advisory council of the Alzheimer's Association. "We all know that the brain is changing metabolically at a very early stage of the disease, well before clinical symptoms. This type of technique validates that concept...
...That doesn't mean, however, that anyone will get an unproven vaccine. The vials will stay right where they are until the testing is completed--and for now, those trials are going well. Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius, also speaking at the workshop, noted that "So far there are no red flags. I think we are on target for mid-October to have the vaccine coming off the production lines...