Word: western
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...with obscene designs that were used for entry to Roman brothels in the second century A.D. The engraver Marcantonio Raimondi turned Giulio's I Modi (Ways, for short) into prints, and in this form they became enormously popular. They are still the most famous examples of visual pornography in Western art, although four centuries of attrition by prudery have destroyed almost all of them...
...trip laden with symbolism, Gorbachev visited neighboring Finland, a dexterous nation that has maintained friendly relations with Moscow while retaining political and economic independence. "Finlandization" used to be derided as a form of latter-day appeasement that might infect Western Europe; now it is considered a model for the relationship that Poland or Hungary could achieve...
...July, he pronounced: "Each people determines the future of its own country and chooses its own form of society. There must be no interference from outside, no matter what the pretext." What it all adds up to is that both in rhetoric and in reality, Gorbachev has done what Western leaders have been demanding for 21 years: repealed the "Brezhnev Doctrine," under which the Soviets claimed the right to provide "military aid to a fraternal country" (translation: invade it) whenever there was "a threat to the common interests of the camp of socialism" (translation: a threat to Soviet dominance...
...success of perestroika will depend on the Soviets, but Washington can help Gorbachev by reaching agreements to cut conventional arms and strategic nuclear arsenals. In addition, Shevardnadze in his speech last week spoke of Moscow's desire to join such Western economic institutions as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). Like Hungary, the Soviet Union could benefit from most-favored-nation trade status...
...approach would be, at best, yet another example of the -- dare one say timid? -- incrementalism on arms control and trade that has marked Soviet-American relations for four decades. As Bush himself says, the opportunity is historic. The idea that the Warsaw Pact would launch a land invasion of Western Europe, which is what most of NATO expenditures are designed to prevent, has become nearly inconceivable. "It may be time to abandon incrementalism for a leapfrog approach, to see if we can really make a basic change in our relationship," says former Assistant Secretary of State Richard Holbrooke...