Word: westernism
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...trial, Shcharansky's mother, Ida Milgrom, 70, indicated that Russia's dissidents are thankful for Carter's support. Although shaken by the predictable verdict, the diminutive white-haired woman stood outside the Moscow courtroom in a light summer rain and read a message to Carter before Western correspondents: ''During the painful days of the trial I have not left the iron fence around the courthouse. I faced a thick wall of KGB and militia officials in the hope of catching sight of my child from afar. All these days I could hear your sincere authoritative voice in support...
Throughout the Western world, there was a storm of protest directed against the Shcharansky trial and the court cases conducted simultaneously against two other human rights activists: Alexander Ginzburg and Viktoras Pektus. They also were found guilty last week and sentenced respectively to eight and ten years. In Britain, Prime Minister James Callaghan charged that these cases "bear some of the hallmarks of the trials we knew in Stalin's day" (see box). In Israel, where attacks on Soviet Jews are perceived as a family tragedy, Premier Menachem Begin said that Shcharansky's "only sin was that he wanted...
Among those at the barricades were a number of Western journalists and diplomats, including Second Secretary Raymond F. Smith, who was sent by the U.S. embassy as an observer but was refused admission. Also gathered outside were about 50 activists and other supporters of Shcharansky. One was an old friend, Irina Orlov, wife of Physicist Yuri Orlov, who was sentenced to twelve years last May for having founded the first Helsinki Watch Committee. Two of the Soviet Union's best-known "refuseniks," who have been denied visas to Israel, came to show their sympathy for Shcharansky. They were Alexander Lerner...
...Soviets clearly attached considerable importance to the trial; twice a day a court official held unprecedented press conferences for Western correspondents. According to the briefings, Shcharansky was charged with turning over to the West "classified data on the location, staffing and role of a large number of defense-industry installations." Specifically, he was accused of providing scientific secrets to a Western military-service agent masquerading as a journalist...
...that they will live to fight another day. "The publicity given the trials is very encouraging," said Computer Scientist Valentin Turchin, 47, who was a prominent human rights activist before he emigrated to New York City last year. Although the Soviet press has hardly mentioned the protests in Western Europe and the U.S., news of them was beamed to millions in the Soviet Union by Radio Liberty and other Western short-wave stations. "The awful thing about the Stalin era was that people just disappeared, and nobody knew where they had gone, nobody mentioned them," said Turchin. "Now there...