Word: westernism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Zuma is also a fix for another long-standing flaw in many of Africa's liberation movements. Though they claim to represent the masses, Africa's revolutions were mostly led by Western-educated black élites. Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's pan-Africanist, earned a B.A., and M.A., in the U.S. Zimbabwean Robert Mugabe is a former teacher who was raised, in part, by the Jesuits and earned four university degrees by correspondence in prison. Mbeki too spent years in exile studying Marxism in Britain and the Soviet Union. Even Mandela was a chief's son and one of the country...
...intellectual about such work. In an interview with TIME in early 2007, Zuma summarized his revolutionary ideology in one short sentence: "I was oppressed." Not for Zuma the intellectual contortions that led even Mandela to cast crime as a white, counterrevolutionary plot or Mbeki to see AIDS as a Western drug-company conspiracy. Not for him either the obsession with meeting his former white masters on their terms. If he has a creed, aides say, it is pragmatism, the kind that led him to appoint Pieter Mulder, leader of the white, farm-based Afrikaner party Freedom Front Plus, as deputy...
...roots in their particular societies. That means that unlike al-Qaeda, they can't simply be destroyed. Rather, the goal must be to transform them from military organizations into purely political and social ones, as happened with the Irish Republican Army. The U.S. might still dislike their Islamist, anti-Western, anti-Israeli agenda, but as Obama said in an interview with the Arab-owned news channel al-Arabiya during his first week in office, he would be "very clear in distinguishing between organizations ... that espouse violence, espouse terror and act on it - and people who ... have a [different] viewpoint [from...
...during discussions between Obama and Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Monday, when the two leaders meet in Washington to discuss a high-stakes list of concerns topped by Afghanistan and Iran. "The U.S. side needs to impress diplomatically on Prime Minister Erdogan how much his anti-Western populist rhetoric damages Turkey's position with its key partners and pro-Turkey constituencies in Washington and Brussels," analyst Hugh Pope wrote in a recent paper for the Transatlantic Academy...
...neighboring Iran, Erdogan has in recent months strengthened diplomatic and trade ties with Tehran, which is a key gas supplier to Turkey. The Turks abstained last month in a U.N. vote condemning Iran's nuclear activities, despite China and Russia's support for it. Erdogan has also criticized Western leaders for turning a blind eye to Israel, widely seen as the Middle East's only nuclear power - albeit an undeclared one. Turkey's relations with Israel soured during Israel's invasion of Gaza last year. At a Davos forum in January, an irate Erdogan accused Israeli President Shimon Peres...